John Maynard Keynes was perhaps the most imposing economist of the Twentieth Century. He is the father of macroeconomics (John Hicks might be called the midwife: indeed Hicks is probably the most influential, although his influence across the board in modern economic theory is so pervasive he is seldom cited.)
Friedrich von Hayek developed the ideas of Wicksell and the Austrian School theory of capital based on Boehm-Bawerk and von Mises into a coherent theory of the business cycle which does much to explain the mess we are in.
Keynesian economics justifies the use of stimulus programs such as are being used around the world to revive the world economy. Nations around the world are following President Richard Nixon when he said, "We are all Keynesians now."
One should not assume Keynes would approve of current economic policy. At a meeting of American economists shortly before he died, Keynes remarked "Perhaps I am the only non-Keynesian in the room." (as quoted in Bran Domitrovic's Econonoclasts: the History of the Supply-Side Revolution.)
Many thanks to both Ryan Pendleton and the Kansas Policy Institute who alerted me to this.
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